diesel

Automotive Emissions Laboratory
Technical Information
Equipment and Technical Specification
The work experience
Capacity of laboratory on testing
Current Automotive Emissions Laboratory Projects
Automotive Emissions Laboratory Testing Fees

Automotive Emissions Laboratory


Introduction

Air pollution is one of serious environmental problems for Thailand, especially in Bangkok, its boundaries and large cities where are considered to be the center for development and economics. The rapidly expansions on industries, transportations, and numbers of vehicles lead to air pollution problem. In large cities where traffic is concentrated, air pollution is reaching serious level, mainly caused by motor vehicles. To preserve our local and global environments, the Royal of Thai government by the Pollution Control Department (PCD) and other government organizations including private agencies have been contributed their cooperation more than 20 years for resolving air pollution. Establishing of the Automotive Emission Laboratory is one of counter measures to control and reduce air pollution problem specifically in automotive air pollution. The Automotive Emission Laboratory was established in 1996 and it has been operating since 1999. It operates emission and performance testing of 5 vehicles types, motorcycle (MC), light duty gasoline vehicle (LG), light duty diesel vehicle (LD), heavy duty diesel vehicle (HD), and heavy duty diesel engine. A performance and emission testing are conducting following international standard methods. The sampled vehicle will be simulated and run on chassis dynamometer system using standard driving pattern. Pollutants such as Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), Oxide of Nitrogen (NOX) and Particulate Matter (PM) will be sampling and measuring during the sampled vehicle running on the chassis dynamometer. The concentration of each pollutant will be evaluated in a unit of gram per kilometer (g/km).

ผังควบคุม (Control Chart)
  1. Analyze and evaluate situations of motor vehicle air pollution in Thailand. The information will be used to established guideline for formulating and implementing emission standards and counter measures for controlling and reducing air pollution.

  2. Monitor in-use engine qualities in term of engine performance and durability including the deterioration rate of in-use emission reduction device such as catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter (DPF)

  3. Monitor quantities of pollutants emitted from each vehicle types and evaluate a success of each counter measures in order to control and reduce emissions emitted from motor vehicles.
 
    4. Study, research and develop appropriated system, procedure and suitable method to control and reduce air pollution from vehicles as the following samples:
  • Fuel and lubricant quality testing that causes of air pollution
  • Develop and improve technical methods for an enhancement of air pollution measurement
  • Develop more efficiency system and equipments for emission sampling and measurement

    • 5. Inspect and certify new motor vehicles that are produced or imported to be sold in Thailand following the new motor vehicle emission standard of Thai Industrial Standard Institute (TISI), Ministry of Industry.


Technical Information

Vehicle Type Pollutants Measurement Gross Vehicle Weight (kg) Max. Speed (km/h)
CO CO2 HC NOX PM
Motorcycle
 / /// - Direct, CVS 100 - 450 200
Light Duty Gasoline Vehicle/ /// - Direct, CVS 400 - 3,500 200
Light Duty Diesel Vehicle //// / Direct, CVS 400 - 3,500 200
Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle //// / Direct, CVS 5,000 - 21,000 100
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine//// / Direct, CVS Horse Power 110-500 HP Torque 2500 Nm

Motorcycle   Light Duty Gasoline Vehicle
 
Light Duty Diesel Vehicle   Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle
 
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine



Equipment and Technical Specification

The Automotive Emission Laboratory is fully quipped to perform emission and performance testing. The equipment and technical specifications are as following :

  1. Chassis Dynamometer consists of a single roller and cooling fan, with an objective to simulate a sample vehicle to have a running condition as same as on road running condition.

  2. Exhaust gas sampling system is used for collecting and preparing exhaust gases including dilution air for measuring concentration of each pollutant. The system is conducted both of direct sampler method and constant volume sampler (CVS) method.

  3. Emission analysis system can measure a concentration of each pollutant using a direct measurement and a CVS measurement according to the following analytical systems:

    4. วิธีการตรวจวัด สารมลพิษ
    เครื่องมือ
    Direct Measurement
    		 CO/CO 2
    Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR)
    HC
    Flame Ionization Detector (FID)
    NOX
    Chemiluminescence Detector (CLD)
    CVS MeasurementCO/CO2
    Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR)
    THC (Total HC)
    Flame Ionization Detector (FID)
    NOX
    Chemiluminescence Detector (CLD)
    WeighingParticulate Matter (PM)
    Micro Balance

  4. Vehicle emission test control system is included of control equipment and driver’s aid system.

  5. Calibration equipments are using for calibrate and prepare the emission testing system.

  6. Calibration and operating gases are using for calibrate gases analyzers and measure a concentration of pollutants


Chassis Dynamometer Analyzer System



The work experience

The Automotive Emission Laboratory has been operating since 1999 to perform emission and performance testings and to conduct researches related to automotive air pollution control technology. The testing methods are following international organizations such as USEPA, CARB, Japan, Taiwan and ECE. The previous operations on emission testing and researches are as following:

Emission and Performance Testing
  • Test and certify quality of new vehicles that were imported or produced to be sold in Thailand following the emission standards of TISI, Ministry of Industry
  • Test and evaluate an efficiency of emission control devices in term of emission reduction and fuel saving.

    • Research

    The research projects related to automotive air pollution and its control strategies are as following:
  • Comparison of concentration of pollutants and engine performance of light duty diesel vehicle using biodiesel (coconut oil : Tabsakae blending) and regulated diesel (2001)
  • Comparison of concentration of pollutants emitted from sampled vehicle using difference blending of gasohol (gasoline and ethanol) as 10% and 15% (2001)
  • Study and compare efficiencies of Bi-fuel vehicles that can use both of gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) in term of emission and engine performance (2001)
  • Study of efficiencies of simple catalytic converter ; Hot Tube, that was installed to the exhausted pipe of Tuk-Tuk in term of emission and engine performance (2002)
  • Study of concentration of pollutants emitted from BMTA Buses as EURO1 and EURO2 standards (2002)
  • Study of impact and possibility of increased weight of heavy duty diesel truck as 21, 25, and 30 tons in term of emission and engine performance (2002)
  • Study of Development of Dieselhol fuel for diesel vehicle in Thailand in term of emission, fuel consumption, acceleration rate at 0-100 km/hr and engine performance (2002)
  • Study of engine performance of heavy duty diesel truck as loaded 5 tons (M817) (2002)
  • Study of emission emitted from light duty diesel vehicle using fuel transformed from wasted cooking oil (2002)
  • Comparison of concentration of pollutants and engine performance of light duty diesel vehicle using biodiesel (palm oil and regulated diesel fuel blending) as 50% and 100% and regulated diesel (2002)
  • Study of efficiency of preventive maintenance program on BMTA Buses (Bangkok Mass Transit Authority) in term of emission reduction and fuel saving (2002-2004)
  • Comparison of emission reduction and fuel saving of EURO2 and EURO3 vehicles using difference level of sulphur content of gasoline and diesel fuels (2003)
  • Development of Bangkok Driving Cycle (BKK Driving Cycle) for emission testing in Bangkok (2004)
  • Demonstration of Biodiesel (Used cooking oil) using in Chiang Mai in term of emission reduction and fuel saving (2005)
  • Conversion system of gasoline and light duty diesel vehicles using CNG in term of emission and engine performance (2005-2006)

    • International cooperation

  • Development of driving cycle in Bangkok and emission loading forecast under the CDM Project in Transport Sector. The project was cooperated with Japan Transport Cooperation Association (JTCA) (2004)
  • Comparison of emission emitted from motorcycles using difference driving pattern as TISI level 5 and EURO3. The project was cooperated with Honda R&D Southeast Asia Co.Ltd. (2004)
  • Study of emission and fuel consumption of light duty diesel vehicle using bio-palm diesel in big cities (DIESEL Project). The project is cooperated with the World Bank, US-AID, CAI-ASIA (2004-2006)
  • Study of emission and fuel consumption of light duty diesel vehicle using bio-palm diesel (PME 20%), coconut Bio-palm diesel (CME 20%) and regulated diesel. The project was cooperated with the Japan Transport Cooperation Association (JTCA) (2005)
  • Study of Bangkok Diesel Retrofit demonstration project. The project is cooperated with the United State Environmental Protection Agency (US.EPA) and World Bank (2005-2006)
    		•


    Capacity of laboratory on testing

    The Automotive Emission Laboratory has been developing and building capacities of staff and also equipment in order to fully service, accuracy and reliability of the data. It is also could be accepted at both domestic and international levels. Thus, the ISO/IEC 17025 has been implementing to the Automotive Emission Laboratory.

    At present, the Automotive Emission Laboratory has accredited testing laboratory from TISI with scope light duty diesel engined vehicles: safety requirements; emission from engine level 6 (TIS 2155-2003).

       


    Current Automotive Emissions Laboratory Projects

    • A study to gauge the effects on emissions and efficiency levels of light duty diesel vehicles when operating using a Coconut oil (Tubsakae formula) and diesel fuel mixture. Coconut oil (Tubsakae formula): Coconut oil 79% + Diesel 17% + Kerosene 4%

      • Results

    THCNOx COCO2PMAcceleration Rate
    Cold Start
    		 16.4% reduction 10.8% reduction9.6% increase6.2% increase-38.9% reduction
    Hot Start38.1% reduction 7.2% reduction7.6% increase5.1% increase9.6% reduction36.9% reduction

    Efficiency drop of .17 - 14.22 %

    • Measuring emissions increases and reduced efficiency levels of overloaded trucks

      Results

    Carrying Load THCNOx COCO2PMAcceleration Rate
    21 ton truck with 25 ton load
    		 11-24% increase21-22% increase 25-31% increase20-25% increase 13-29% increase 22-28% reduction
    21 ton truck with 30 ton load 20-44% increase33-35% increase 35-475% increase 30-34% increase26-525 %increase37-40% reduction

    • A study to compare emissions and efficiency levels of light duty diesel vehicles using a fuel mixture of diesel fuel and Palm oil (50% solution) and diesel fuel and palm oil (100% solution).

      Results

    FuelTHCNOx COCO2PMAcceleration Rate
    Diesel with 50% palm oil
    		 Increase 3.7 times 14% reductionIncrease 2.3 times 0.02% increaseIncrease 5.5 times51% reduction
    Diesel with 100% palm oil Increase 3.7 times 21% reductionIncrease 2.6 times 0.27% increaseIncrease 6.8 times53% reduction

    • A study on the effects of sulfur in gasoline and EURO III vehicles

      Results



    • A demonstration of pollution reductions from proper engine maintenance on BMTA buses
    • CDM in Bangkok
    • Developing Integrated Emission Strategies for Existing Land Transport (DIESEL)


    Automotive Emissions Laboratory Testing Fees

    Automotive Emissions Laboratory Testing Fees
    Vehicle Type/Pollutant TestTesting Fee (Baht)
    1. Motorcycle
      1.1 Emission Test
    25,500
     1.2 White Smoke Test
    5,000
     1.3 Idle Emission Test
    1,500
     1.4 Performance Test
    17,000
    2. Gasoline
      2.1 Emission Test
    29,000
     2.2 Idle Emission Test
    1,000
     2.3 Emission of Crankcase gases
    1,000
     2.4 Performance Test
    19,400
    3. Light Duty Diesel
      3.1 Emission Test
    32,000
      3.2 Black Smoke Test
    4,000
     3.3 Performance Test
    21,400
    4. Light Duty Diesel
      4.1 Emission Test
    100,000
      4.2 Black Smoke Test
    10,000
     4.3 Performance Test
    66,700
    5. Heavy Duty Diesel Engine
      5.1 Emission Test
    130,000
      5.2 Black Smoke Test
    10,000
     5.3 Performance Test
    86,700

    Vehicle Test Summary

    Fiscal Year Motorcycle GasolineLight Duty Diesel Heavy Duty DieselEngine
    Vehicles TestedNo. of Tests Vehicles TestedNo. of Tests Vehicles TestedNo. of Tests Vehicles TestedNo. of Tests Vehicles TestedNo. of Tests
    1999 33331111--
    200000 12244756103300
    2001 10653548236295113411
    200266 248116624041200
    2003 009105885408000
    200400 00008116100
    2005 4 6 17 30 122 353 86 336 00
    Total 26 86 155 323 704 1182 321 683 11



    More information
    Annual Report Automotive Emission Laboratory 2006 (in Thai)  
    Scope of Accreditation for Testing
    Document: PCD Notification: Time Guarantee for Vehicle Emission Testing Services B.E.2549 (2006) (in Thai)
    Air Quality and Noise Standards
    Further Information Please Contact
    Automotive Air Pollution Division
    Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau
    Tel 66 2904 7477-8 Fax 66 2577 5447
    E-mail : autoairpol(at)pcd(dot)go(dot)th